Vimal P . Swarup , Caitlin
نویسندگان
چکیده
Proteoglycans (PGs) regulate diverse functions in the central nervous system (CNS) by interacting with a number of growth factors, matrix proteins, and cell surface molecules. Heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) are two major glycosaminoglycans present in the PGs of the CNS. The functionality of these PGs is to a large extent dictated by the fine sulfation patterns present on their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. In the past 15 years, there has been a significant expansion in our knowledge on the role of HS and CS chains in various neurological processes, such as neuronal growth, regeneration, plasticity, and pathfinding. However, defining the relation between distinct sulfation patterns of the GAGs and their functionality has thus far been difficult. With the emergence of novel tools for the synthesis of defined GAG structures, and techniques for their characterization, we are now in a better position to explore the structurefunction relation of GAGs in the context of their sulfation patterns. In this review, we discuss the importance of GAGs on CNS development, injury, and disorders with an emphasis on their sulfation patterns. Finally, we outline several GAG-based therapeutic strategies to exploit GAG chains for ameliorating various CNS disorders.
منابع مشابه
Sugar glues for broken neurons.
Proteoglycans (PGs) regulate diverse functions in the central nervous system (CNS) by interacting with a number of growth factors, matrix proteins, and cell surface molecules. Heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) are two major glycosaminoglycans present in the PGs of the CNS. The functionality of these PGs is to a large extent dictated by the fine sulfation patterns present on thei...
متن کاملMtLAX2, a Functional Homologue of the Arabidopsis Auxin Influx Transporter AUX1, Is Required for Nodule Organogenesis1[CC-BY]
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom (S.R., F.R., J.L., C.-W.L., J.S., D.C., C.B., G.O., J.D.M.); Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 (S.R., X.C., J.W.); Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, N...
متن کاملReduction of Leakage Current in Six Stage Charge Pump Using Stacking Power Gating Technology
متن کامل
Modeling human behavior in the aftermath of a hypothetical improvised nuclear detonation
In this paper we describe a multiagent simulation model of human behavior in the aftermath of a hypothetical, largescale, human-initiated crisis in the center of Washington D.C. Prior studies of this scenario have focused on modeling the physical effects of the attack, such as thermal and blast effects, prompt radiation, and fallout. Casualty and mortality estimates have been obtained by assumi...
متن کاملResearch Directions for Service-Oriented Multiagent Systems
Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh, Mark Burstein, Keith Decker, Edmund Durfee,Tim Finin, Les Gasser, Hrishikesh Goradia, Nick Jennings, Kiran Lakkaraju, Hideyuki Nakashima, H.Van Dyke Parunak, Jeffrey S. Rosenschein, Alicia Ruvinsky, Gita Sukthankar, Samarth Swarup, Katia Sycara, Milind Tambe, Tom Wagner, and Laura Zavala MAS Research Roadmap Project Research Directions for Service-Oriented M...
متن کامل